Occupational Medicine

The Division provides contact teaching to 2nd year medical students. This is in the form of two seminars that introduce the concepts of occupational health and risk assessment, with a specific focus on hazards encountered by healthcare workers.

The Division also provides contact teaching on the 4th year medical students’ course “Health in Context” (a combined course teaching Public Health, Primary Health Care, Family Medicine). The occupational health teaching in the “Health in Context” course provides a broad overview of occupational medicine and with a specific focus on making a diagnosis of an occupational disease, as well as an introduction to important occupational health legislation. Seminars on “Occupational Lung disease”, focusing on occupational asthma, silicosis and asbestosis, are delivered to 4th year medical students during their Medicine block.

Registrars are closely involved with supervision of 4th year research projects that are undertaken as part of the Public Health teaching in the “Health in Context” course.

Occupational Health MBChB Year 6 Elective

The Division offers 5th and 6th year medical students both short (2 weeks) and long (4 week) electives, which provide students with the unique opportunity of deepening their clinical and practical experience in occupational health. Each student works under the close supervision of a multidisciplinary team running occupational health services and programme support at Groote Schuur Hospital, City of Cape Town and the Provincial Health Department.

Final year medical student, Luyanda Ngongoma, wrote this Report on her experience while participating in this programme.
 

The Division offers the Postgraduate Diploma in Occupational Health (DOH) aimed at medical practitioners who are working part-time in the practice of occupational health. This is a legal requirement for appointment as an occupational medical practitioner under South African legislation. It is established to demonstrate that the holder has achieved a level of competence appropriate to the generalist working in occupational health as required by the Occupational Health and Safety Act (OHSA) and the Mine Health and Safety Act (MHSA) of South Africa.

The Division also serves as a unit for the training of occupational medicine specialists through the MMed Occupational Medicine programme. Occupational medicine is a registerable specialty with the Health Professions Council of South Africa (HPCSA) once the candidate has fulfilled all the requirements and completed the national examinations (FCPHM Occ Med) conducted under the auspices of the Colleges of Medicine of South Africa. 

The Division also offers research-related degrees including the MPhil (Occupational Health) and Doctoral degree studies in occupational health.

Occupational Medicine Clinic, Division of Occupational Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital

Head:    A/Prof Shahieda Adams, MBChB, MFamMed, DOH MMed (OccMed), FCPHM(SA) (OccMed), PhD

Specialist Consultant:  vacant
 

The Clinic provides comprehensive clinical services to persons suffering or suspected to be suffering from ill-health or disease attributable to occupational exposure. These conditions include respiratory, skin, musculoskeletal and neurological conditions, among others.  

Typical exposures bringing patients to the clinic are workplace dusts and fibres, gases and fumes, chemical substances, biological agents or allergenic substances, metals, plastics and oils, ergonomic factors such as high load or  repetitive work or postural stress as well as physical agents such as excessive cold and vibration. 

The service covers exposure assessment, clinical diagnosis, treatment, management of workplace factors where possible, assistance with workers’ compensation,  rehabilitation and incapacity assessment (in collaboration with other specialities).  Medical benefit examinations under the Occupational Diseases in Mines and Works Act are provided.

Referrals are welcome from any health professionals in public or private practice, including cross-referrals from other specialities.

Referrals are also welcome from other parties involved in occupational health and safety (e.g. Departments of Labour and Minerals, unions and workplace officials or managers). Such referrals need to be discussed in advance with a member of the clinic, contactable via Reception (see below).

Patients need to arrive with a  referral letter plus as much relevant documentation or previous medical reports or x-rays as are available.
 

Venue: E16, Groote Schuur Hospital (New Main Building), Observatory

Time: Tuesday mornings, 08h00-12h00, by appointment only

Appointments: Email:  occmedclinic@uct.ac.za (include referral letter and all relevant documentation)

                        Tel:  021 404 4369 (Specify “Occupational Medicine”)
 

Documentation may be sent by:  

Email:  occmedclinic@uct.ac.za (or)

Fax: 021 404 6390 (Marked clearly for Occupational Medicine)

Occupational Dermatology Clinic, Division of Occupational Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital

Specialist Consultant:  vacant
 

This is a joint clinic with the Division of Dermatology at Groote Schuur Hospital. The Clinic provides comprehensive clinical services to persons suffering or suspected to be suffering from skin conditions attributable to occupational exposure.  

Typical exposures bringing patients to the clinic are irritant exposures at work (wet work, work with solvents and wearing occlusive gloves) or exposure to common allergens such as preservatives and rubber additives.

The service covers exposure assessment, clinical diagnosis, treatment, management of workplace factors where possible, assistance with workers’ compensation, rehabilitation and incapacity assessment. 

Referrals are welcome from any health professionals in public or private practice, including cross-referrals from other specialists.

Referrals are also welcome from other parties involved in occupational health and safety (e.g. Departments of Labour and Minerals, unions and workplace officials or managers). Such referrals need to be discussed in advance with the specialist consultant, contactable via Reception (see below).

Patients need to arrive with a referral letter plus as much relevant documentation or previous medical reports as available.
 

Venue:  G23, Groote Schuur Hospital (New Main Building), Observatory

Time:  Two Tuesday mornings per month  08:00-13:00, by appointment only

Appointments:  Tel:  021 404 4369 (Specify “Occupational Dermatology”)

Documentation may be faxed:  Fax: 021 404 6390 (Marked clearly for Occupational Dermatology)

Major research areas of interest include:

• Occupational disease in all its dimensions - laboratory, clinical and epidemiological
   
• Medical and workplace management of occupational diseases e.g. occupational asthma, contact dermatitis
   
• Prevention with a particular focus on medical surveillance for work-related asthma and pneumoconiosis (silicosis and PTB)
   
• Health of health care workers with specific focus on tuberculosis and occupational asthma
   
• Workers' compensation systems, particularly reform of compensation systems in South Africa for both miners and non-miners
   
• Health systems which support workers and former workers with occupational disease or disability, including former miners

Honorary Senior Lecturers

Honorary Lecturers

Emeritus Professors

Registrars

Administrative Staff

Name	Description	Email	Telephone No
Connie Williams	Postgraduate Administrative Assistant (TEMP)
Tebelo Mokoena	Clinic Administrative Assistant		(021) 404 4369

Journal articles

Chapters in books

Conference abstracts

University publications and technical reports

PhD dissertations submitted to UCT

Masters (MMed – Occ Med) dissertations submitted to UCT

Masters (MSc and MPhil) dissertations submitted to UCT

2021

• Arowosegbe OO, Röösli M, Künzli N, Saucy A, Adebayo-Ojo TC, Jeebhay MF, Dalvie MA, de Hoogh K. Comparing methods to impute missing daily ground-level PM₁₀ concentrations between 2010 – 2017 in South Africa. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 3374. DOI:10.3390/ijerph18073374
• Naidoo R, Jeebhay MF. COVID-19 – A new burden of respiratory disease among South African miners? Curr Opin Pulm Med 2021, 26:000–000.
• Ehrlich R. Silica – a multisystem hazard. Int J Epidemiol 2021; 1–3. 

2020

• Garcia R, Ehrlich R,  Yassi A, Spiegel JM,  Romão P , Nunes EA, Zungu M,  Mabhele S.  Preventing occupational tuberculosis in health workers: an analysis of state responsibilities and worker rights in Mozambique.  Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17(20):7546.
• Maboso BM, Moyo DM, Muteba KM, Govender VG, Barnes DF, Maama-Maime LBM,  Makiti SJ, Lerotholi M, R Ehrlich. Burden of disease among Basotho ex-miners in a large out-reach medical assessment programme. Occup Health Southern Afr 2020; 26(4):145-152.
• Kotze K,  van der Westhuizen H-M,  van Loggerenberg E,  Jawitz F,  Ehrlich R.  Doctors’ extended shifts as risk to practitioner and patient: South Africa as a case study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17(16), 5853; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17165853.
• Marques F, Bettoni G, Adeoye A, de Brito B, de Brito K, Buketov K, Cazella S, Fermino M, Hellebrandt L, Jeebhay M, Mitchell R, Ngajilo D, Tavares dos Santos B, Watterson A, Cavalli L. AquaSafe: Aquaculture occupational safety and health in the palm of your hand. Brazilian Journal of Agricultural Research, 2020; 26(1)59-6. doi 10.36812/pag.202026146-54
• Jeebhay MF, Baatjies R. Prevention of Baker’s Asthma. Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 2020; 20(2):96–102. doi: 10.1097/ACI.0000000000000612
• Nnaji C, Adams S, London L, Dhai A. Non-consensual disclosure of infectious drug resistant tuberculosis status in the occupational context: health workers stuck between a rock and a hard place. South African Journal of Bioethics and Law. 2020 Jul 7;13(1):26-34.
• Mwanga H. Jeebhay MF. Work-related asthma and exposure to cleaning agents in health care settings - A review of literature. Current Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 33(2);30-40, 2020
• Van der Water N, Yassi A, Ehrlich R. Workers’ compensation claims for occupational tuberculosis in South African health workers: Outcomes and workers’ experiences. South African Medical Journal. 2020 May 1;110(5):389-95.
• Olaniyan T, Jeebhay M, Röösli M, Naidoo RN, Künzli N, de Hoogh K, Saucy A, Badpa M, Baatjies R, Parker B, Leaner J. The association between ambient NO2 and PM2. 5 with the respiratory health of school children residing in informal settlements: A prospective cohort study. Environmental research. 2020 Apr 27:109606.
• Young C, Barker S, Ehrlich R, Kistnasamy B, Yassi A. Computer-aided detection for tuberculosis and silicosis in chest radiographs of gold miners of South Africa. The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. 2020 Apr 1;24(4):444-51
• Cloete B, Yassi A, Ehrlich R. Repeat Auditing of Primary Health-care Facilities Against Standards for Occupational Health and Infection Control: A Study of Compliance and Reliability. Safety and health at work. 2020 Mar 1;11(1):10-8.
• Al Badri FM, Adams S. Domestic mixed-dust pneumoconiosis: A case report and literature review. Respiratory medicine case reports. 2020 Jan 1;29:100985.
• Ehrlich R, Spiegel JM, Adu P, Yassi A. Current Guidelines for Protecting Health Workers from Occupational Tuberculosis Are Necessary, but Not Sufficient: Towards a Comprehensive Occupational Health Approach. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020 Jan;17(11):3957.
• Adu PA, Yassi A, Ehrlich R, Spiegel JM. Perceived Health System Barriers to Tuberculosis Control Among Health Workers in South Africa. Annals of Global Health. 2020;86(1)
• Knight D, Ehrlich R, Cois A, Fielding K, Grant AD, Churchyard G. Predictors of silicosis and variation in prevalence across mines among employed gold miners in South Africa. BMC Public Health. 2020 Dec;20(1):829.
• Fix et al. Gender Differences in Respiratory Health Outcomes among Farming Cohorts around the Globe: Findings from the AGRICOH Consortium. J of Agromedicine, 2020. Doi: 10.1080/1059924X.2020.1713274.
• Olaniyan T, Dalvie MA, Roosli M, Naidoo RN, Künzli N, de Hoogh K, Berman D,  Parker B, Leaner J, Jeebhay MF. Short term seasonal effects of airborne fungal spores on lung function in a panel study of schoolchildren residing in informal settlements of the Western Cape of South Africa. Environmental Pollution, 2020. Doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114023.
• Al Badri F, Baatjies R, Jeebhay MF. Assessing the health impact of interventions for baker’s allergy and asthma in supermarket bakeries: a group randomised trial. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health,  2020 Jan 11. doi: 10.1007/s00420-019-01511-7.
• Watterson A, Jeebhay MF, Neis B, Mitchell R, Cavalli L. The neglected millions: the global state of aquaculture workers’ occupational safety, health (AOSH) and well-being. Occ Env Med, 2020 Jan;77(1):15-18. doi: 10.1136/oemed-2019-105753.

2019

• Lescoat A, Cavalin C, Ehrlich R, Cazalets C, Ballerie A, Belhomme N, Coiffier G, de Saint Riquier M, Rosental PA, Hachulla E, Sobanski V. The nosology of systemic sclerosis: how lessons from the past offer new challenges in reframing an idiopathic rheumatological disorder. The Lancet Rheumatology. 2019 Dec 1;1(4):e257-64.
• van der Westhuizen HM, Nathavitharana RR, Pillay C, Schoeman I, Ehrlich R. The high-quality health system ‘revolution’: Re-imagining tuberculosis infection prevention and control. Journal of Clinical Tuberculosis and Other Mycobacterial Diseases. 2019 Dec 1;17:100118.
• Jeebhay MF, Baatjies R. Prevention of Baker’s Asthma. Current Opinions in Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 2019 Dec 16. doi: 10.1097/ACI.0000000000000612
• Van de Water N, Ntatamala I, Adams S. Running short of breath: a case study of hard-metal lung disease in an asbestos-exposed worker. Current Allergy & Clinical Immunology. 2019 Jun 1;32(2):96-100.
• Sonday Z, Burdzik A. Chronic occupational contact urticaria in a food handler. Current Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 2019. 32(4): 226-231.
• Cavalli L, Jeebhay MF, Marques FB, Mitchell R, Neis B, Ngajilo D, Watterson A. Scoping Global Aquaculture Occupational Safety and Health. J of Agromedicine, 2019; 26:1-14. doi: 10.1080/1059924X.2019.1655203
• Bønløkke J, Bang B, Aasmoe L, Abdel Rahman A, Syron L, Andersson E, Dahlman-Höglund A, Lopata AL, Jeebhay MF. Exposures and health effects of bioaerosols in seafood processing workers – a position statement. J of Agromedicine, 2019; Aug 27:1-8. doi: 10.1080/1059924X.2019.1646685.
• Marques F, Bettoni G, De Brito B, De Brito K, Fermino M, Ngajilo D, Ramos A, Dos Santos B, Stech M, Watterson A, Cavalli L. An Online survey of Occupational Hazards in Brazilian Aquaculture. Journal of Agromedicine, DOI: 10.1080/1059924X.2019.1647323
• Adams S, Ehrlich R, Baatjies R, Dendukuri N, Wang Z, Dheda K. Evaluating latent tuberculosis infection test performance using latent class analysis in a TB and HIV endemic setting. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16, 2912; doi:10.3390/ijerph16162912
• Jeebhay MF, Moscato G, Bang BE, Folletti I, Lipińska-Ojrzanowska A, Lopata AL, Pala G, Quirce S, Raulf M, Sastre J, Swoboda I, Walusiak-Skorupa J, Siracusa A.  Food processing and Occupational Respiratory Allergy - a EAACI Position Paper. Allergy 2019; doi: 10.1111/all.13807.
• Baatjies R, Adams S. Cairncross E, Desai F, Jeebhay MF. Factors associated with persistent lower respiratory symptoms or asthma among residents exposed to a sulphur stockpile fire incident. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16, 438; doi:10.3390/ijerph16030438.
• Adams S, Lopata AL, Smuts M, Baatjies, Jeebhay MF. Relationship between serum omega-3 fatty acid and asthma endpoints. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16, 43; doi:10.3390/ijerph16010043
• Olaniyan T, Dalvie MA, Roosli M, Naidoo RN, Künzli N, de Hoogh K, Parker B, Leaner J, Jeebhay MF. Asthma–related outcomes associated with indoor air pollutants of school children residing in informal settlement households of the Western Cape province of South Africa. J Indoor Air, 2019; 29:89-100. doi: 10.1111/ina.12511. 
• Ngajilo D, Jeebhay MF. Occupational injuries and diseases in aquaculture:  A review of literature. Aquaculture 2019, 507:40-55; doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2019.03.053
• Adams S, Ehrlich R, Baatjies R, Dendukri N, Wang Z, Dheda, K. Predictors of latent tuberculosis infection test results amongst South Africa health care workers. BMC Infectious Diseases, 2019, 19:131, doi.org/10.1186/s12879-019-3745-5
• Konecny P, Ehrlich R, Gulumian M, Jacobs M.   Immunological response to silica and Mycobacterium tuberculosis interaction.   Frontiers in Immunology; 2019; 9 (3069). https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2018.03069 
• Ehrlich R, Spiegel J, Yassi A.  Protecting health care workers against occupational tuberculosis. Cross-disciplinary or cross-purposes? Public Health Action 2019; 9(1): 11-14. doi.org/10.5588/pha.18.0086.

2018

• Knight D, Lopata A, Nieuwenhuizen N, Jeebhay MF. Occupational asthma associated with bleached chlorine free cellulose dust in a sanitary pad production plant. Am J Ind Med, 2018. doi: 10.1002/ajim.22904
• Saucy A, Röösli M, Künzli N, Tsai M-Y, Sieber C, Olaniyan T, Baatjies R, Jeebhay M, Davey M, Flückiger B, Naidoo RN, Dalvie MA, Badpa M, de Hoogh K. Land Use Regression modelling of outdoor NO2 and PM2.5 concentrations in three low income areas in the Western Cape Province, South Africa. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2018, 15, 1452; doi:10.3390/ijerph15071452.
• Ngajilo D, Singh T, Ratshikopa E, Jeebhay MF. Occupational contact urticaria and early onset work-related asthma in a latex allergic woodworker exposed to obeche wood. Current Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 31(4);184-189, 2018.
• Ehrlich R, Van de Water N, Yassi A.  Tuberculosis in health workers as an occupational disease. Anthropology Southern Africa, 2018, 41:4, 309-322, DOI: 10.1080/23323256.2018.1539624.
• Ntatamala, I. Shoe-allergic dermatitis affecting a sanitation worker. Current Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 31 (3); 184-191, 2018
• Omran F. Occupational health problems associated with the fibreglass reinforced plastic industry. Current Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 31(1);32-8, 2018
• Bloch K, Johnson L, Nkosi M, Ehrlich R. Precarious transition:  A mortality study of South African ex-miners. BMC Public Health, (2018) 18:862
• Ehrlich R, Franzblau A, Myer C, teWaterNaude JM. Digital radiological surveillance of silicosis and related tuberculosis in the South African mining industry: practical and technical considerations. Occup Health Southern Afr 2018; 24 (2):38-42.
• Franzblau A, teWaterNaude JM, Sen A, D’Arcy H, Smilg J, Mashao K, Meyer CA, Lockey JE, Ehrlich RI.  Comparison of digital and film chest radiography for detection and medical surveillance of silicosis and pulmonary tuberculosis. Am J Ind Med 2018; 61(3):229-238. doi: 10.1002/ajim.22803. (1/9)
• Ngajilo D, Adams S, Jeebhay MF. Occupational allergy and asthma in tobacco farmers: A review of the literature. Current Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 31(2);1-9, 2018
• Ngajilo D, Singh TS, Ratshikopa E, Dayal P, Baatjies R, Jeebhay MF. Risk factors associated with allergic sensitisation and asthma phenotypes in poultry farm workers. Am J Ind Med 2018, DOI: 10.1002/ajim.22841
• Schmidt BM, Engel M, Abdullahi L, Ehrlich R. Effectiveness of control measures to prevent transmission of tuberculosis infection in health care workers: a systematic review.  BMC Public Health 2018; in press.  (1/4).
• Ehrlich R. Tuberculosis, mining and silica. (Invited editorial). Occup Environ Med 2018; 75:763-764. doi: 10.1136/oemed-2018-105318.
• Ehrlich R. Murray J, Rees D.  Subradiological silicosis.  Am J Ind Med 2018; 61:877-885. doi: 10.1002/ajim.22909.
• Cois A, Ehrlich R.  Quantifying the contribution of antihypertensive treatment to the decline in population mean blood pressure in South Africa 2008-2015: a modelling study. PloS One 2018; 13(08): E0200606. doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0200606.

2017

• Al Badri FM, Jeebhay MF. Factors associated with serial longitudinal changes in exhaled nitric Oxide (FeNO) – a review of the literature. Current Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 30(2);98-109, 2017
• Ehrlich RI, Montgomery A, Akugizibwe P, Gonsalves G.  Health implications of changing trends in the origins and characteristics of mineworkers in South Africa, 1973-2012. BMC Public Health; 2017; 18(1) :93. Doi: 10.1186/s12889-017-4640-x (1/4)
• Ngajilo D, Ehrlich RI.  Rhabdomyolysis with acute tubular necrosis following occupational inhalation of thinners. Occup Med. (London). 2017. doi:10.1093/occmed/kqx048 (1/2)
• Olaniyan T, Jeebhay MF, Roosli M, Naidoo R, Baatjies R, Künzli N, Tsai M, Davey M, de Hoogh K, Berman D, Parker B, Leaner J, Dalvie MA. A prospective cohort study on ambient air pollution and respiratory morbidities including childhood asthma in adolescents from the Western Cape province: Study Protocol. BMC Public Health (2017) 17:712, 1-13; DOI 10.1186/s12889-017-4726-5
• Parent S, Ehrlich R, Baxter V, Kannemeyer N, Yassi A. Occupational health and TB: a feasibility study of participatory theatre with South African healthcare workers. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2017; 21(2), 140-8.  (1/5)
• Chongo-Faruk V. Skin exposure, symptoms and asthma in Occupational settings – is there a link? Current Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2017, 30 (4):251-257
• Al Badri FM. Surgical mask contact dermatitis, and epi of contact dermatitis in health care workers, Current Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 30(3);183-188, 2017
• Sieber C, Ragettli MS, Brink M, Toyib O, Baatjies R, Saucy A, Probst-Hensch N, Dalvie MA, Röösli M. Land Use Regression Modeling of Outdoor Noise Exposure in Informal Settlements in Western Cape, South Africa. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2017 Oct 20;14(10). pii: E1262. doi: 10.3390/ijerph14101262.
• De Matteis S, Heederik D, Burdorf A, Colosio C, Cullianan P, Henneberger PK, Olsson A, Raynal A. Current and new challenges in occupational lung diseases, Eur Respir Rev. 2017 Nov 15;26(146). pii: 170080. doi: 10.1183/16000617.0080
• McKiernan M, Raynal A. John Ndevasia Muafangejo Men working in town 1981, Occupational Medicine 2017;67:598–600doi:10.1093/occmed/kqx103

2016

• Myers et al. Occupational health and safety and the National Public Health Institute of South Africa, SAMJ,106(6):538-539, 2016
• Ehrlich RI, Rees D.   Reforming miners’ compensation in South Africa. Long overdue, but what are the options?  New Solutions 2016; 25(4): 451-68. DOI: 10.1177/1048291115610434
• Grobler L, Mehtar S, Dheda K, Adams S, Babatunde S, van der Walt M, Osman M.  The epidemiology of tuberculosis in health care workers in South Africa: a systematic review.  BMC Health Services Research (2016) 16:416 DOI 10.1186/s12913-016-1601-5
• Mwanga HH, Dalvie MA, Singh T, Channa K, Jeebhay MF. Relationship between pesticide metabolites, cytokine patterns and asthma-related outcomes in rural women workers. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2016,13(10), 957, 1-14; doi:10.3390/ijerph13100957
• Olaniyan TA, Dalvie MA, Roosli M, Jeebhay MF. Air pollution, pollens and childhood asthma – is there a link? Current Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 29(4);252-261, 2016
• Ratshikhopha EM, Singh TS, Lopata AL, Jeebhay MF. Component resolved diagnosis as a tool for differentiating between true latex allergy from clinically insignificant IgE sensitisation. Occ Health SA, 22(4);8-14, 2016
• Raulf M, Buters J, Chapman M, Cecchi L, de Blay F, Doekes G, Eduard W, Heederik D, Jeebhay MF, Kespohl S, Krop E, Moscato G, Pala G, Quirce S, Sander I, Schlünssen V, Sigsgaard T, Walusiak- Skorupa J, Wiszniewska M, Wouters IM, Annesi-Maesano, I. Allergenexposition – wie kann man Inhalationsallergene an Arbeitsplatzen und in der Umwelt messen? Allergologie, Jahrgang 38, Nr.2/2016, S. 45-68. doi: 10.5414/ALX01812
• van der Walt A, Singh T, Baatjies R, Jeebhay M. Environmental factors associated with baseline and serial changes in fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) in spice mill workers. Occup Environ Med. 2016;73:614–620. doi: 10.1136/oemed-2015-103005.
• Weber H, Robinson P, Micallef N, Beggs S, Els I, Ehrlich R.  Do children with cystic fibrosis receiving outreach care have poorer clinical outcomes than those treated at a specialist cystic fibrosis centre?  Australian Journal of Rural Health 2016; Nov. 17: 1-8.  DOI: 10.1111/AJR.12334 (1/6)

2015

• Adams S, Ehrlich R, Baatjies R, van Zyl-Smit RN, Said-Hartley Q, Dawson R, Dheda K. Incidence of occupational latent tuberculosis infection in South African healthcare workers.  Eur Respir J. 2015 May; 45(5):1364-73
• Baatjies R, Meijster T, Heederik D, Jeebhay MF. Exposure- response relationships for inhalant wheat allergen exposure and asthma. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 72:200–207, 2015. doi:10.1136/oemed-2013-101853
• Ehrlich R, Adams S, Manjra S, Mokoena T, Jeebhay MF.  Fate of outstanding COIDA occupational disease claims following closure of the Western Cape Provincial Medical Advisory Panel in 2008 – an audit.  Occ Health Southern Africa, 21(6);6-10, 2015
• Malo JL, Tarlo SM, Sastre J, Martin J, Jeebhay MF, Le Moual N, Heederik D, Platts-Mills T, Blanc PD, Vandenplas O, Moscato G, de Blay F, Cartier A; ATS ad hoc committee on Asthma in the Workplace. An Official American Thoracic Society Workshop Report: Presentations and Discussion of the Fifth Jack Pepys Workshop on Asthma in the Workplace. Comparisons between Asthma in the Workplace and Non-Work-related Asthma. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2015;12(7):S99-S110. doi: 10.1513/AnnalsATS.201505-281ST.
• Olaniyan TA, Dalvie MA, Jeebhay MF. Ambient air pollution and childhood asthma: A Review of South African epidemiological studies. Current Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 28(2);122-126, 2015
• Ratshikhopha EM, Singh TS, Jones D, Jeebhay MF, Lopata AL. High concentrations of natural rubber latex (NRL) allergen in gloves used by laboratory health personnel in South Africa. SAMJ, S Afr Med J 2015;105(1):43-46. DOI:10.7196/SAMJ.8082
• Siracusa A, Folletti I, Gerth van Wijk R, Jeebhay MF, Moscato G, Quirce S, Raulf M, Ruëff F, Walusiak-Skorupa J, Whitaker P, Tarlo SM. Occupational anaphylaxis – An EAACI task force consensus statement. Allergy, 70: 141–152, 2015. doi: 10.1111/all.12541.
• Adams S,  Ehrlich, RI , Baatjies R,  Dheda, K. High Annual Rates of TB Infection in South African Healthcare Workers:  A Prospective Study Using TST and T-Cell Assays. Eur Respir J 2015;45(5):1364-73. doi: 10.1183/09031936.00138414. Epub 2015 Feb 19.
• Ehrlich R.   History and medicine. The case of silica. (Editorial). Am J Ind Med 2015;  58 (S1): 1–2. DOI: 10.1002/ajim.22528.
• Oni, T,  Ehrlich R.   Complicated silicotuberculosis in a South African gold miner: a case report. Am J Ind Med 2015; 58(6):697-701. doi: 10.1002/ajim.22454.
• Cois A, Ehrlich R.  Socioeconomic status modifies the association between seasonality and blood pressure.  Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94(35):e1389. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000001389.
• Knight D, Ehrlich RI,  Fielding, K, Jeffery H,  Grant A, Churchyard G.  Trends in silicosis prevalence and the healthy worker effect among among active gold miners in South Africa. BMC Public Health 2015;15:1258.DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-2566-8.

2014

• Looringh, van Beeck J, Versfeld K, Ehrlich RI.  Deep vein thrombosis following prolonged kneeling: a case report. Occup Med (London) 2014; 64(4): 305-307. doi: 10.1093/occmed/kqu041.
• Baatjies R, Meijster T, Heederik D, Sander I, Jeebhay MF. Effectiveness of interventions to reduce flour dust exposures in supermarket bakeries in South Africa. Occup Environ Med. 2014 Dec;71(12):811-8
• Cois A,  Ehrlich, R.   Analysing the socioeconomic determinants of hypertension in South Africa: a  structural equation modelling approach.  BMC Public Health 2014; 14:414.  doi:10.1186/1471-2458-14-414. http://www.biomedcentral.com/content/pdf/1471-2458-14-414.pdf
• Jeebhay MF. Allergens and asthma in the workplace. Current Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 27(4);275-278, 2014
• Ndlovu V, Dalvie MA, Jeebhay MF. Asthma associated with pesticide exposure among women in rural Western Cape of South Africa. Am J Ind Med, 57:1331–1343, 2014. doi:10.1002/ajim.22384
• Raulf M, Buters J, Chapman M, Cecchi L, de Blay F, Doekes G, Eduard W, Heederik D, Jeebhay MF, Kespohl S, Krop E, Moscato G, Pala G, Quirce S, Sander I, Schlünssen V, Sigsgaard T, Walusiak- Skorupa J, Wiszniewska M, Wouters IM, Annesi-Maesano, I. Monitoring of occupational and environmental aeroallergens- EAACI Position Paper.  Allergy, 69(10):1280-99, 2014. doi: 10.1111/all.12456.
• Jeebhay MF,  Ngajilo D,  Le Moual N. Risk factors for non-work-related adult-onset asthma and occupational asthma – A comparative review.  Current Opinions in Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 14(2):84-94, 2014. doi: 10.1097/ACI.0000000000000042.
• Potter PC, Salie S, Ehrlich R, van Rooyen C, Foot L, Fenemore B. Occupational sensitization to the African Penguin serum and mucus proteins. Annals Asthma Allergy Immunol; 015 Jan 30. pii: S1081-1206(15)00008-3. doi: 10.1016/j.anai.2014.12.023.

2020

• Jeebhay MF. The global perspective of occupational lung disease. In: Feary J, Suojalehto H, Cullinan P, eds. Occupational and Environmental Lung Disease (ERS Monograph). Sheffield, European Respiratory Society, 2020; pp. 1–18 .
   
• Andrews B, Adams S. Social security benefits and disability assessment in the working-age population in South Africa. In: Kathard H, Padarath A, Galvaan R, Lorenzo T, editors. South African Health Review 2020. Durban: Health Systems Trust; 2020. 

2018

• Jeebhay M. Occupational allergy. In Manjra, Levin, Gray, eds. The Allergy Society of South Africa (ALLSA) Handbook of Practical Allergy, 4th edition, Cape Town, South Africa, Tandym Print, 2018;15:195-203. ISBN: 978-0-620-781110-7.

2017

• Jeebhay MF, Bang B. Occupational allergy and asthma associated with inhalant food allergens. In Lopata A ed. Food Allergy – Molecular and Clinical Practice. CRC Press, Taylor and Francis Group, Florida, 2017, 8:176-202. ISBN: 13:978-1-4987-2244-5.

2015

• Adams S, Burdzik A, Jeebhay M. How to claim compensation for work-related injuries or diseases. In Mash B and Blitz J eds. South African Family Practice Manual. 3^rd edition, Van Schaik Publishers, Pretoria, 2015,161:542-548. ISBN:9780627031236.

2014

• Ehrlich RI, Katzenellenbogen J, Tollman S, Gear J.  Why study epidemiology? A South African perspective. In: Joubert G, Ehrlich RI (eds.) Epidemiology: A Research Manual for South Africa (2nd edn.). Cape Town: Oxford, 2007. Updated 3rd Edition, 2014.
   
• Ehrlich RI, Katzenellenbogen J, Hoffman M, Joubert G, Bourne D. Key concepts in epidemiology.  In: Joubert G, Ehrlich RI (eds.) Epidemiology: A Research Manual for South Africa (2nd edition). Cape Town: Oxford, 2007. Updated 3rd Edition, 2014.
   
• Myer L, Ehrlich RI. Social epidemiology. In: Joubert G, Ehrlich RI (eds.) Epidemiology: A Research Manual for South Africa (2nd edition). Cape Town: Oxford, 2007. Updated 3rd Edition, 2014
   
• Bobrow K, Ehrlich R. Non-communicable disease epidemiology.  In: Ehrlich RI, Joubert G (eds.) Epidemiology: A Research Manual for South Africa (3rd edition). Cape Town: Oxford, 2014.
   
• Ehrlich R.  Writing your research report.  In: Ehrlich RI, Joubert G (eds.) Epidemiology: A Research Manual for South Africa (3rd edition.). Cape Town: Oxford, 2014.

2021

• Ehrlich R.  Occupational risk factors for lung  infections:  Tuberculosis in miners and health workers (invited). National Conference on Pulmonary Diseases (NAPCON), India. 27-31 Jan. 2021 (online).
   

2020

• Jeebhay MF. Occupational respiratory allergy in food processing industries (invited speaker). European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Digital Congress, London, 6-8 June 2020 (online)
• Maboso B, Ehrlich R.  The fourth plague?  Intersection of silicosis, tuberculosis, HIV and COVID-19 among migrant goldminers from Lesotho. Ramazzini Days, Italy, Oct 23-25, 2020 (online).
• Mwanga HH, Baatjies R, Singh T, Jeebhay MF. Occupational risk factors for work-related asthma outcomes in health workers exposed to diverse cleaning agents (PDS09). European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Digital Congress, 6-8 June 2020.

2019

• Ehrlich R, Spiegel J, Adu P,  Yassi A.  Current guidelines for protecting health workers from occupational tuberculosis are necessary but not sufficient: Towards a comprehensive occupational health approach.  11th Joint Conference on Occupational Health for Health Workers, Hamburg, 22-24 Oct. 2019.
• Garcia R, Yassi A,  Ehrlich RI,  Romão P, Nunes E, Spiegel J.   TB in healthcare workers in Mozambique: Unpacking state responsibility.  11th Joint Conference on Occupational Health for Health Workers, Hamburg, 22-24 Oct. 2019.
• Adu PA,  Yassi P, Ehrlich RI,  Spiegel JM.  Exploring systemic barriers to tuberculosis prevention and control among health workers in South Africa.   11th Joint Conference on Occupational Health for Health Workers, Hamburg, 22-24 Oct. 2019.
• Dalvie M, Olaniyan T, Jeebhay M, Röösli M, de Hoogh K.  The effects of ambient NO2 and PM2.5 exposure on asthma-related outcomes in school children residing in informal settlements in South Africa (abstract OPS52 session). International Society for Environmental Epidemiology. ISEE abstracts, Page 67, 2019

2018

• Marques F, Watterson A, Mitchell R, Jeebhay M, Ngajilo D, Adeoye D, Bettoni G, Sharma A, Fermino MH, de Brito BG, de Brito KCT, Cazella S, Hellebrandt L, Buketov K, Cavalli LS. AquaSafe - application of mobile devices in promoting occupational safety and health in Aquaculture. PESQ. AGROP. GAÚCHA, Porto Alegre, v.24, n.3 (Edição Especial): Anais do VII Sicit/II Workshop PPG, p. 1-72, 2018. ISSN online: 2595-7686.
   
• Saucy A, Röösli M, Künzli N, Tsai M-Y, Sieber C, Olaniyan T, Baatjies R, Jeebhay M, Davey M, Flückiger B, Naidoo RN, Dalvie MA, Badpa M, De Hoogh K. Land use regression modelling of outdoor NO2 and PM2.5 concentrations in three low-income areas of the urban Western Cape, South Africa (OP III – 5). Occupational and Environmental Medicine Mar 2018, 75 (Suppl 1) A6 DOI:10.1136/oemed-2018-ISEEabstracts.15
   
• Adams S, Ehrlich R, Baatjies R, Dheda K. Screening for latent tuberculosis infection in health care workers: tuberculin skin test or interferon gamma release assay? (abstract 1055). International Commission on Occupational Health Conference. 29 April-5 May 2018. 
   
• Ehrlich R. Protecting health care workers from occupational tuberculosis and its effects: long on guidelines, short on implementation?  31st ICOH International Congress on Occupational Health, Dublin, Ireland, 29 April - 4 May 2018.
   
• Invited plenary Occupational lung disease in miners.  When Occupational Health becomes Public Health.  31st ICOH International Congress on Occupational Health, Dublin, Ireland, 29 April - 4 May 2018.
   
• Ngajilo D, Jeebhay MF. Occupational health in aquaculture – a review of the literature. (abstract 4C.4). iFISH5 - The Fifth International Fishing Industry Safety & Health Conference, St Johns, Canada, June 2018 (abstract book).
   
• Jeebhay MF, Baatjies R, Lopata AL. Exposure-response relationships for allergy and asthma associated with seafood exposures (abstract 6C.4). iFISH5 - The Fifth International Fishing Industry Safety & Health Conference, St Johns, Canada, June 2018 (abstract book).
   
• Lyle V, Ehrlich R. The extent to which annual tuberculosis incidence rates in gold miners exceed those of appropriate comparison groups: A descriptive review. 5th SA TB Conference, Durban, June 13-15, 2018.
   
• Olaniyan T, Jeebhay M, Röösli M, Naidoo R, Küenzli N, de Hoogh K, Berman D, Parker B, Leaner J, Dalvie MA. Short Term Seasonal Effect of Ambient Air Pollutants and Airborne Fungal Spores on the Lung Function of School Children in Western Cape, South Africa: A Panel Study. (abstract P01.1520). Joint Annual Meeting of the International Society of Exposure Science, and the International Society for Environmental Epidemiology. Ottawa, Canada, August 2018 (abstract book).
   
• Olaniyan T, Dalvie MA, Röösli M, Naidoo R, Küenzli N, de Hoogh K, Parker B, Leaner J, Jeebhay M. Asthma-Related Outcomes Associated with Indoor Air Pollutants from a Survey of School Children Residing in Informal Settlement Households of the Western Cape Province of South Africa. (abstract P01.1610). Joint Annual Meeting of the International Society of Exposure Science, and the International Society for Environmental Epidemiology. Ottawa, Canada, August 2018 (abstract book).
   
• Mwanga H, Baatjies R, Jeebhay MF. Exposure to aldehydes among health care workers in a large tertiary hospital in Cape Town, South Africa (abstract 646). Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2018;75:A337.
   
• Matuka DO, Singh TS, Ratshikopa E, Dayal P, Baatjies R, Ngajilo D, Jeebhay MF. Occupational exposure assessment to bioaerosols in poultry farming activities (abstract 1204). Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2018;75:A193.
   
• Van der Water N, Yassi A, Ehrlich R.  Workers’ compensation for occupational tuberculosis in health workers in South Africa, 49th UNION World Conference on Lung Health, The Hague, Netherlands, Oct 24-27, 2018.
   
• Lucchini R, Ehrlich R, Straif K, McDermiad M. The UN declarations on End TB and NCDs: we need to be more active in promoting global understanding of primary prevention of occupational and environmental exposures.  Ramazzini Days (Annual meeting of the Collegium Ramazzini), Carpi, Nov 1-4, 2018.
   

2017

• Myers J, Ehrlich R.  Hollow counting: Measurement of dust in the South African gold mines. ICOH Conference on the History of Occupational and Environmental Health, Gothenburg, Sweden, 29-31 March, 2017.
   
• Ngajilo D, Singh TS, Ratshikhopha E, Dayal P, Baatjies R, Jeebhay MF. Risk factors associated with allergic sensitization and asthma phenotypes among poultry farm workers In South Africa (abstract 293). XXXVI Congress of the European Academyc of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Helsinki, Finland, June 2017.
   
• Baatjies R, Jeebhay M. Assessing the impact of a group randomised controlled intervention study in supermarket bakeries with a high baker’s allergy and asthma burden (abstract 0285). Occupational and Environmental Medicine Aug 2017, 74 (Suppl 1) A89; DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2017-104636.235.
   
• Schmidt B, Engel ME, Abdullahi L, Ehrlich R. Effectiveness of control measures to prevent transmission of tuberculosis infection to health care workers: a systematic review. Global Evidence Summit, Cape Town, South Africa, 13-16 Sep 2017.

2016

• Mwanga HH, Baatjies R, Singh T, Jeebhay MF. Risk factors for work-related asthma in health care workers with exposure to diverse cleaning agents (abstract 976). XXXV Congress of the European Academyc of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Vienna, Austria, June 2016.
   
• Ehrlich RI, Bloch K, Nkosi M, Johnson L.  Mortality experience of South African migrant miners. 27th EPICOH Congress on Epidemiology in Occupational Health, Barcelona, Spain, 05-07 Sept., 2016.

2015

• Ngajilo D, Singh TS, Ratshikhopha E, Baatjies R, Jeebhay MF. Risk factors associated with asthma phenotypes in poultry farm workers (abstract 65). Public Health Association of South Africa Conference, Durban, Oct 2015 (abstract book).
   
• Ratshikhopha E, Njajilo D, Singh TS, Jeebhay MF. Allergic sensitization and immunological profiles in poultry farm workers. Current Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 28(3); 234, 2015.
   
• van der Walt A, Baatjies R, Singh T, Jeebhay M. Determinants of short term serial changes in fractional exhaled nitric oxide in spice mill workers. South African Respiratory Journal, 21(2); 42-3, 2015.
   
• Mwanga HH, Dalvie MA, Singh T, Channa K, Jeebhay MF. Relationship between pesticide metabolites, cytokine patterns and asthma outcomes in a rural farming population (abstract 191). XXXIV Congress of the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Barcelona, Spain, June 2015.
   
• Parent S, Ehrlich R, Baxter V, Kannemeyer N, Yassi A. Preventing workplace transmission of TB: an arts-based approach to South African healthcare workers. Canadian Conference on Global Health, Montreal, Canada, 5-7 Nov, 2015.

2014

• Baatjies R, Meijster T, Heederik D, Jeebhay MF. Exposure response relationships for wheat allergen exposure and asthma (abstract 230). XXXIII Congress of the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology and World Allergy Congress, Copenhagen, Denmark, June 2014.
   
• TeWaterNaude JM, Ehrlich RI, D’Arcy H, Sen A, Smilg J, Mashao K, Meyer C, Lockey J, Franzblau, A. Reproducibility of digital x-ray and analog x-ray readings. African Regional Association of Occupational Health (ARAOH) and South African Society of  Occupational Medicine (SASOM) Congress, 1-3 August 2014 in Johannesburg, 1-3 Aug 2014.
   
• Ehrlich R. Silicosis and the “head of the snake”: silica, gold mining and tuberculosis in Southern Africa.  Ramazzini Days (Annual meeting of the Collegium Ramazzini), Carpi, 24-26 Oct. 2014.
   
• Ehrlich R.  Silica, silicosis and tuberculosis: an extricable triad.  International workshop on The Role of Inorganic Particles in Pulmonary, Systemic and Autoimmune Diseases. Sciences Po, Paris, 14-15 Nov. 2014.

• COVID-19 Medical Passport 
  (Naidoo N and Jeebhay MF)
   
• AquaSafe e-software application and AquaSafe Aquiculture worker's health care platform
  (Marques F, Bettoni G, Adeoye A, de Brito B, de Brito K, Buketov K, Cazella S, Fermino M, Hellebrandt L, Jeebhay M, Mitchell R, Ngajilo D, Tavares dos Santos B, Watterson A, Cavalli L.)

2020

• Guideline on the submission of COVID-19 related health data from workplaces to the National Department of Health (V1: 18 August 2020); NDoH OH Workstream (6 pages)
   
• Guidance on vulnerable employees and workplace accommodation in relation to COVID-19 (V4: 25 May 2020); NDoH OH Workstream (4 pages)
   
• Guidance note for workplaces in the event of identification of a COVID-19 positive employee (V5: 14 May 2020); NDoH OH Workstream (3 pages) 
   
• Guidelines for symptom monitoring and management of essential workers for COVID-19 related infection; NDoH OH Workstream (8 pages)
   
• Mwanga H, Baatjies R, Jeebhay MF. Risk factors for work-related asthma in health workers with exposure to diverse cleaning agents in two African health care settings. Summary Report submitted to Groote Schuur Hospital. Centre for Environmental and Occupational Health Research (UCT), March 2020 (16 pages).
   
• Williams H, Adams S, Said-Hartley Q, Jeebhay M. A point scoring system for predicting silicosis in deceased claimants for Q(h)ubeka Trust. Q(h)ubekha Trust, March 2020 (21 pages)

2019

• Watterson A, Jeebhay M, Ngajilo D, Cavalli LS, Mitchel R, Neis B. Global Aquaculture Occupational Safety and Health – Scoping Report (Food and Agriculture Organisation; The International Union of Food, Agricultural, Hotel, Restaurant, Catering, Tobacco and Allied Workers' Associations). March 2019.
   
• Williams H, Adams S, Said-Hartley Q, Jeebhay M. A point scoring system for predicting the diagnosis of radiological silicosis in the Q(h)ubeka trust claimant population. Q(h)ubekha Trust, February 2019.

2018

• Jeebhay MF, Ngajilo D, Cavalli LS. Occupational injuries and diseases in Aquaculture. Scoping report for the Food and Agriculture Organisation. Centre for Environmental and Occupational Health Research (UCT), April 2018.
   
• Jeebhay MF, Ngajilo D. Aquaculture occupational health and safety – Sub-Saharan focus (South Africa and Ghana). Scoping report for the Food and Agriculture Organisation. Centre for Environmental and Occupational Health Research (UCT), April 2018.

2015

• Baatjies R, Jeebhay MF. Occupational allergy and asthma among bakery workers of a supermarket chain store in the Western Cape Province of South Africa (Final report of all phases). Centre for Environmental and Occupational Health Research (UCT), March 2015.

2019

• Hussein Mwanga: Risk factors for work-related asthma in health care workers with  exposure to diverse cleaning agents in two African health care settings

2015

• Shahieda Adams: A study to evaluate immunodiagnostic tests for tuberculosis infection and determinants of TB infection in a population of health care workers in the Western Cape of South Africa

2013

• Roslynn Baatjies: Occupational risk factors and interventions for baker's allergy and asthma among supermarket bakery workers

2020

• Itumeleng Ntatamala: Predictors of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) among ambulance personnel in the Western Cape Province

2018

• Nicholas van de Water:  Workers’ compensation claims for occupational tuberculosis in South African health care workers:  a survey of process and outcomes
• Faisal Al-Badri:  Assessing the health impact of intervention in supermarket bakeries using fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) and other clinical endpoints for baker’s allergy and asthma

2016

• Dorothy Ngajilo:  Allergic sensitization and work-related asthma among poultry workers in South Africa
• Brynt Cloete:  Auditing healthcare facilities against the National Core Standards for Occupational Health and Safety and infection prevention and control:  compliance, reliability and impact

2013

• Hussein Hassan Mwanga:  The relationship between pesticide metabolites and asthma outcomes among women farm workers
   

2012

• Amy Burdzik:  Predictors of Occupational skin disease among seafood processing workers in the Western Cape
• Mokgadi Mothemela:  Mesothelioma in South Africa:  Three decades post peak of asbestos production

2009

• Dave Knight:  Variation in silicosis prevalence in South African gold miners:  An industry wide study
• Haidee Williams:  Examining evidence for a protective occupational exposure limit for inhalable manganese dust below where there are no adverse subclinical nervous system effects
   

2008

• Lerato Maiphetlho:  Analysis of needle stick and splash exposures among health care workers at Groote Schuur Hospital

2007

• Shahieda Adams:  Predictors of obstructive lung disease among seafood processing workers in the West Coast of Southern Africa

2020

• Yotam Moyo (MPhil):  Obstructive lung disease among tobacco farmers in Malawi

2018

• Vania Chongo-Faruk (MPhil): Skin symptoms (allergic and non-allergic) predicting the development of allergic respiratory outcomes and asthma in bakers

2011

• Gail Irwin (MSc): A respiratory health survey within a brewery in South Africa

2010

• Anita van der Walt (MPhil): Determinants of occupational allergic respiratory disease and asthma in spice mill workers